Vitamina D y riesgo de pre-eclampsia: Revisión sistemática y meta-análisis

Introduction: Vitamin D levels in humans have increasingly been linked to broad clinical outcomes. There are a large number of studies that report on their associations especially with obstetric complications, including pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus, among others. These results are inconsistent and still lack high quality intervention studies to confirm a causal role for vitamin D in these results. Objective: Review of scientific evidence on the role of maternal vitamin D and the development of pre-eclampsia. Materials and methods: The methodology used followed the recommendations of the Cochrane guide for the development of systematic reviews and the MOOSE Guide (Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) for meta-analysis. The search included both observational studies and controlled clinical trials. Results: Low levels of vitamin D, measured by [25 (OH) D] 25-hydroxyvitamin D, are common in pregnancy. The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest an inverse association between vitamin D levels and the development of pre-eclampsia. There was heterogeneity among studies in terms of design, population, geographic location, exposure definitions and outcome. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were excluded from this meta-analysis. Conclusion: We found an inverse association suggesting that higher levels of vitamin D were less likely to develop pre-clampsia, despite the heterogeneity presented by the global measure of this type of analysis.