Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, eclampsia and HELLP syndrome

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is an entity characterized by clinical and radiological manifestations due to an imbalance in cerebral blood vessels. In the obstetric patient, this syndrome is more frequent in eclampsia and hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and thrombocytopenia (HELLP) syndrome. Aim: To characterize PRES at physiopathological, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic context in eclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Methodology: Bibliographic search with the MESH terms "Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome", "Pregnancy", "HELLP Syndrome", "Eclampsia". Results: Eclampsia is one of the most associated conditions with PRES, patients are primigravida, clinical course and imaging findings are less severe. The treatment should focus on the triggering cause, so emergent delivery and drugs to manage hypertension and seizures must be chosen. The literature on PRES and HELLP is limited to series and case reports. The characteristics of the pathophysiology of HELLP syndrome may exaggerate vascular response and increase the risk of bleeding, which may predispose to a more aggressive clinical course. Prognosis of PRES in the obstetric patient is good, there is not risk of recurrences reported in this population. Conclusion: Studies with a greater follow-up and number of patients would clarify the existing discordances. Knowledge and early management of PRES would contribute to the reduction of maternal morbidity and mortality and long-term neurological sequelae.