TY - JOUR
T1 - Pathogen reduction by ozone–biological activated carbon-based advanced water reclamation for reuse
AU - Teel, Lydia
AU - Pagilla, Krishna
AU - Sundaram, Vijay
AU - Li, Lin
AU - Guarin, Tatiana
AU - Haak, Laura
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors thank the OneWater Nevada partnering agencies for financial, technical, operational, and administrative assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the City of Reno and Truckee Meadows Water Authority operators, mechanics, hydrogeologists, and laboratory staff. We appreciate the sampling and analysis support from the University of Nevada, Reno study group. Specifically, we would like to acknowledge Rick Warner and John Enloe for their project management and vision.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Water Environment Federation.
PY - 2022/5
Y1 - 2022/5
N2 - Ozone–biological activated carbon (ozone-BAC)-based technologies are emerging as an appealing option for potable reuse systems; however, uncertainty remains regarding the reduction of waterborne pathogens. Common log reduction requirements have been modeled after California Department of Drinking Water's 12–10–10 log reduction value (LRV) for enteric virus, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia, respectively. The objective of this research was to investigate appropriate LRVs of pathogens that can be achieved in ozone-BAC-based treatment systems and to assess the applicability of employing drinking water pathogen guidelines for potable reuse applications. A pilot scale ozone-BAC-based treatment train was operated at two water reclamation facilities in Reno, Nevada, USA. Virus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and bacterial indicators were monitored across individual and combined treatment processes. Pathogen barriers investigated include conventional filtration, ozonation, and ultraviolet disinfection. Based on sampling and treatment validation strategies, the three pathogen barriers can provide minimum LRVs of 13–9–9.5 for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Secondary biological treatment can provide additional pathogen LRVs with site-specific sampling. The present study addresses regulatory uncertainties associated with ozone-BAC pathogen reduction. Practitioner Points: Ozone–biological activated carbon-based advanced treatment can meet pathogen LRV requirements with a minimum of three pathogen barriers. Successfully applied drinking water pathogen reduction guidelines for potable reuse applications verified by operational criteria. Low presence of pathogens requires surrogates and indicator analyses and variety of monitoring techniques to verify pathogen log reduction.
AB - Ozone–biological activated carbon (ozone-BAC)-based technologies are emerging as an appealing option for potable reuse systems; however, uncertainty remains regarding the reduction of waterborne pathogens. Common log reduction requirements have been modeled after California Department of Drinking Water's 12–10–10 log reduction value (LRV) for enteric virus, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia, respectively. The objective of this research was to investigate appropriate LRVs of pathogens that can be achieved in ozone-BAC-based treatment systems and to assess the applicability of employing drinking water pathogen guidelines for potable reuse applications. A pilot scale ozone-BAC-based treatment train was operated at two water reclamation facilities in Reno, Nevada, USA. Virus, Cryptosporidium, Giardia, and bacterial indicators were monitored across individual and combined treatment processes. Pathogen barriers investigated include conventional filtration, ozonation, and ultraviolet disinfection. Based on sampling and treatment validation strategies, the three pathogen barriers can provide minimum LRVs of 13–9–9.5 for virus, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium. Secondary biological treatment can provide additional pathogen LRVs with site-specific sampling. The present study addresses regulatory uncertainties associated with ozone-BAC pathogen reduction. Practitioner Points: Ozone–biological activated carbon-based advanced treatment can meet pathogen LRV requirements with a minimum of three pathogen barriers. Successfully applied drinking water pathogen reduction guidelines for potable reuse applications verified by operational criteria. Low presence of pathogens requires surrogates and indicator analyses and variety of monitoring techniques to verify pathogen log reduction.
KW - log reduction values
KW - ozone–biological activated carbon
KW - water reclamation
KW - water reuse
KW - waterborne pathogens
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85130646302&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/wer.10726
DO - 10.1002/wer.10726
M3 - Artículo Científico
C2 - 35621226
AN - SCOPUS:85130646302
SN - 1061-4303
VL - 94
JO - Water Environment Research
JF - Water Environment Research
IS - 5
M1 - e10726
ER -