Inicio de diálisis y mortalidad en una población con enfermedad renal crónica en Colombia

Background. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been associated with high mortality rate. Preventive programs have been developed to face the burden of this disease worldwide. These programs have proved efficient at achieving better outcomes. In Colombia, a renal facilities network began a secondary preventive program where CKD patients receive multidisciplinary care aimed at controlling mortality and delaying initiation of dialysis. Objective. To determine the frequency of dialysis initiation and mortality in a group of patients older than 18 with advanced CKD, and to evaluate demographic and clinical factors associated with these outcomes. Materials and Methods. In a retrospective cohort study, we evaluated 511 patients with advanced CKD stages 3 to 5, admitted in a preventive program between April 2010 and May 2013. Incidence density rates were calculated. Associations between clinical and demographic factors and outcomes were tested using Cox regression. Results. A total of 551 patients contributed with 1199 yearsin-risk; they had a median of 6 visits during follow-up. Out of the total of patients, 301(54.6%) were female; mean age was 75.8 years; main causes of CKD were hypertension for 431 patients (78.2%) and diabetes for 101 (18.3%). Baseline median of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 40.9 ml/min/1.73m² and body mass index (BMI) was 22.9 kg/m². Rate of initiation of dialysis was 2.1 per 100 patient-years; other causes of CKD (different to hypertension) and diabetes were better predictors for this outcome; higher GFR and older age were associated with low risk of dialysis initiation. The mortality rate was 2.9 per 100 patient-years; high GFR and high BMI were predictors of low risk for this outcome. The mortality rate was higher than the rate of dialysis initiation. Conclusions. This data confirms that higher GFR results in lower risk for both outcomes, unlike other reports, older age seems to indicate a low risk of mortality, and was not a good predictor for dialysis initiation.